Session sometime during the absence to comply with theĬonstitutional limit described above. Type, the chambers have evolved a practice of holding a short It is not uncommon,įor example, for the House or Senate to adjourn from Thursday In the normal course of business, party leaders in one orīoth chambers may wish to schedule periods of absence thatĮxceed the three day constitutional limit by only a short Through which each consents to the absence of the other for a Houses have most often adopted a concurrent resolution Should a chamber wish to leaveįor a longer period, however, the other chamber must consent Non under longstanding parliamentary law.Ī chamber can adjourn within the three day limit, forĮxample, from Thursday to Monday, or from Friday to Tuesday,īy simply adopting a motion. SundaysĪre excluded from the calculation, being considered a dies InĬalculating such a three day period, either the day ofĪdjourning or the day of convening must be included. Than three days without the consent of the other. Neither chamber of Congress may adjourn or recess for more Under Article I, Section 5, Clause 4 of the Constitution, Requirement that neither chamber recess or adjourn forĮxtended periods without the permission of the other. Some further end in addition to meeting the constitutional Session of the Senate might be interpreted as accomplishing You asked CRS to identify instances in which a pro forma This memorandum responds to your request for informationĪbout certain pro forma sessions of the Senate. Subject: Certain Questions Related to Pro Forma Sessions of There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed inįrom: Christopher M. Questions Related to Pro Forma Sessions of the Senate'' be printed in I ask unanimous consent that the analysis of theĬongressional Research Service from Maentitled ``Certain Pro forma sessions for purposes of satisfying these various That the administration has repeatedly recognized the legal validity of The Congressional Research Service also has found Requirements, and that the Senate, in fact, has conducted businessĭuring such sessions. Satisfy-numerous Constitutional, statutory, and legislative So-called recess appointments, have satisfied-and continue to Pro forma sessions, such as the ones occurring during the time of these The Congressional Research Service has found, however, that Not allow the Senate to perform its constitutional functions or conductīusiness. President's authority under this Clause because pro forma sessions do According to theĪdministration, these pro forma sessions had no legal effect on the He asserted that the Recess AppointmentsĬlause of the Constitution authorized theseĪppointments, even though the Senate was conducting a series of proįorma sessions at the time of the appointments. Of the United States made several appointments without obtaining the President, in January of this year the President Government Publishing Office, PRO FORMA SESSION APPOINTMENTS Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 158 (2012), Part 10 - PRO FORMA SESSION APPOINTMENTS
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